Moment tabanlı normalleştirmeye dayalı sayısal görüntü damgalama yöntemleri

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışmada Moment Tabanlı Görüntü Normalleştirme kullanılarak iki boyutlu ayrık dalgacık ve karmaşık dalgacık dönüşüm uzaylarında dayanıklı sayısal görüntü damgalama algoritmaları geliştirilmiştir. Önerilen damgalama algoritmalarında normalleştirme işlemi geometrik bozunumlara karşı dayanıklılığı sağlarken, damganın dalgacık uzayında eklenmesi gürültü, doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan filtreleme, JPEG sıkıştırması gibi saldırılara karşı damganın dayanıklılığını arttırmıştır. İnsan görme sisteminin özellikleri göz önünde bulundurularak, eklenen damganın hem algısal saydamlık hem de dayanıklılık gereksinimlerini aynı anda sağlaması başarılmıştır. Sunulan yöntem literatürde sıklıkla kullanılan iki yöntemle karşılaştırılmıştır. Simülasyon sonuçları, önerilen yöntemin, JPEG ve JPEG2000 sıkıştırması, çeşitli geometrik dönüşümler ve bazı görüntü işleme saldırılarına karşı her iki yöntemden de daha iyi sonuçlar verdiğini göstermiştir. Daha sonra, normalleştirmenin damgalama kapasitesi üzerindeki etkisi Moulin ve Mıhçak tarafından önerilen bilgi-teorisi tabanlı kapasite kestirim yöntemi kullanılarak ayrık kosinüs ve dalgacık uzaylarında araştırılmıştır. Kapasite analizi sonuçları, görüntünün dönüşümündeki sıfır değerli katsayıların sayısının kapasiteyi belirlediğini göstermiştir. Normalleştirme işlemi bir görüntünün dönüşümündeki sıfır değerli katsayı sayısını arttırdığından, damgalama algoritmalarında ön işlem olarak kullanıldığında daha iyi kapasite kestirim sonucu vermektedir. Bir görüntünün dalgacık dönüşümündeki sıfır değerli katsayı sayısı DCT dönüşümündekinden daha fazla olduğundan kapasite önemli olduğunda dalgacık dönüşümünün tercih edilmesi gereklidir.In this study, robust digital image watermarking algorithms in two dimensional discrete wavelet and complex wavelet domains were developed by using the moment based image normalization. In the proposed methods, while the normalization provides robustness against geometrical distortions, the fact that watermark is added in the wavelet domain achieves immunity for attacks such a noise, linear and non-linear filtering and JPEG compression. That the watermark meets transparency and robustness requirements simultaneously was obtained by taking the properties of the human visual system into account. The proposed method was compared to two commonly used digital image watermarking algorithms. Simulation results have shown that the proposed method gives better results that both of the commonly used algorithms in term of various geometrical distortions and several image processing attacks. Then, the effects of the normalization on watermarking capacity in discrete cosine and wavelet domains were investigated by using the information theory based capacity estimation method developed by Moulin and Mıhçak. The results of the capacity analysis have demonstrated that transform coefficients sparsity of an image determines the capacity. Since the normalization process increases transform coefficients sparsity of an image , it results in better capacity estimates when it is used as a preprocessing step watermarking algorithms. As the wavelet models capture sparsity better than the DCT models, wavelet transform must be preferred when capacity is the main concern

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Product Category Classification with Machine Learning

Teknolojinin ilerlemesi ve internetin gelişmesi ile beraber günümüzde bilginin gücü de ön plana çıkmıştır. Bununla beraber internet dünyasında bilgi kirliliği ve karmaşası ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Bu karmaşadan anlamlı verilerin çıkartılması ve yorumlanabilmesi için makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından yararlanılabilir. Bu çalışmada yazı formunda girilen açıklamanın kategori bilgisine ulaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bir e-ticaret sitesinden ürün bilgileri etiketlenerek veri seti elde edilmiştir. Toplanan bu veri seti makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarıyla model eğitimi gerçekleştirilmiş ve 9 farklı katagoriye ayırmak için doğru tahminleme yapması amaçlanmıştır. Bu eğitim sırasında Random Forest, Karar Ağacı, Multinominal Naive Bayes (Multinominal NB), Logistic Regression, Destek Vektör Makineleri (DVM) ve Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA) sınıflandırıcıları kullanılmış ve çıkan sonuçlar tablolarla karşılaştırılmıştır

Controlling of Virtual Mirror with Voice and Hand Motion

Although online shopping has been very popular recently, customers have some disadvantages such as the impossibility to try the product before buying. Owing to the recent technological advances, people can try on products to be purchased on a virtual mirror. Inspired by this situation, it has been developed a system which users can try handbags on a monitor and see different poses of handbags as if they wear them. Also, users can see different colors of handbags by saying the color that they want to see to the system. In this application, it is taken advantage of Kinect Sensor to follow user motions and hand skeleton joints which is placed on the bag. The voice command recognition is used which is based on correlation method

iFER: facial expression recognition using automatically selected geometric eye and eyebrow features

Facial expressions have an important role in interpersonal communications and estimation of emotional states or intentions. Automatic recognition of facial expressions has led to many practical applications and became one of the important topics in computer vision. We present a facial expression recognition system that relies on geometry-based features extracted from eye and eyebrow regions of the face. The proposed system detects keypoints on frontal face images and forms a feature set using geometric relationships among groups of detected keypoints. Obtained feature set is refined and reduced using the sequential forward selection (SFS) algorithm and fed to a support vector machine classifier to recognize five facial expression classes. The proposed system, iFER (eye-eyebrow only facial expression recognition), is robust to lower face occlusions that may be caused by beards, mustaches, scarves, etc. and lower face motion during speech production. Preliminary experiments on benchmark datasets produced promising results outperforming previous facial expression recognition studies using partial face features, and comparable results to studies using whole face information, only slightly lower by similar to 2.5% compared to the best whole face facial recognition system while using only similar to 1/3 of the facial region. (c) 2018 SPIE and IS&

Surface spin disorder and spin-glass-like behaviour in manganese-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles

Manganese-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles coated with triethylene glycol (TREG) have been prepared by the glycothermal reaction. The effect of Mn substitution and coating on temperature-dependent magnetic properties of the TREG-coated MnxCo1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles (0.0 <= x <= 0.8) with size of similar to 5-7 nm has been investigated in the temperature range of 10-300 K in a magnetic field up to 9 T. After the irreversible processes of the magnetic hysteresis curves were completed, the high-field regions of these curves were fitted by using a 'law of approach to saturation' to extract the magnetic properties, such as the effective anisotropy constant (K-eff) and the anisotropy field (H-A) etc. High coercive field of 12.6 kOe is observed in pure cobalt ferrite coated with TREG at 10 K. The low temperature unsaturated magnetization behaviour indicates the core-shell structure of the MnxCo1-xFe2O4 NPs. Zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) measurements revealed superparamagnetic phase of TREG-coated MnxCo1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles at room temperature. The blocking and irreversibility temperatures obtained from ZFC-FC curves decrease at highest Mn concentration (x = 0.8). The existence of spin-glass-like surface layer with freezing temperature of 215 K was established with the applied field dependence of the blocking temperatures following the de Almeida-Thouless line for the Mn0.6Co0.4Fe2O4 NPs. The shifted hysteresis loops with exchange bias field of 60 Oe and high-field irreversibility up to 60 kOe in FC M-H curve at 10 K show that spin-glass-like surface spins surrounds around ordered core material of the Mn0.6Co0.4Fe2O4 NPs. FMR measurement show that all the TREG-coated MnxCo1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles absorb microwave in broad field range of about ten thousands Oe. The spectra for all the samples have broad linewidth because of angular distributions of easy axis and internal fields of nanoparticles

Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of adult-onset minimal change disease in Turkey: Turkish Society of Nephrology-Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) Working Group

Purpose In our study, diagnostic and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with minimal change disease (MCD) by biopsy, clinical and laboratory findings in our country were investigated. Methods Data were obtained from the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) Working Group database. Demographic characteristics, indications for biopsy, diagnosis of the glomerular diseases, comorbidities, laboratory and biopsy findings of all patients were recorded. The data presented are cross-sectional and includes application data for the biopsy period. Results Of 3875 patients, 233 patients with MCD (median age 35.0 years) were included in the study, which constitutes 6.0% of the total glomerulonephritis database. Renal biopsy was performed in 196 (84.1%) patients due to nephrotic syndrome. Median serum creatinine was 0.7 (0.6-1.0) mg/dl, mean eGFR was 104 +/- 33 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and median proteinuria 6000 mg/day. The number of patients under the age of 40 years was 139 (59.7%) (Group A), and the number of patients aged 40 years and over was 94 (40.3%) (Group B). Compared to Group A, global sclerotic glomeruli (24 vs. 43, p < 0.001) interstitial inflammation (15 vs. 34, p < 0.001), interstitial fibrosis (20 vs. 31, p = 0.001, vascular changes (10 vs. 25, p < 0.001) and tubular atrophy (18 vs. 30, p < 0.001) were found to be significantly higher in Group B. There was no difference in immunofluorescent staining properties between the two groups. Conclusion Our data are generally compatible with the literature. Chronic histopathological changes were more common in patients aged 40 years and older than younger patients. Studies investigating the effects of these different features on renal survival are needed

Adult minimal change disease in Turkey: The results of Turkish society of nephrology glomerular diseases working group

...ERA EDT